Publication Ethics

Editorial Principles

P247JMR aims to maintain a publishing process based on academic integrity, fairness, transparency and respect for the scholarly record. Editorial decisions should be based on the content and suitability of a submission rather than on the personal background, nationality, institutional affiliation or status of an author.

The journal expects all parties involved in publication to act responsibly and to disclose information that may materially affect an editorial decision.

Author Responsibilities

Authors are responsible for the accuracy, originality and lawful submission of their work. By submitting a manuscript, authors confirm that they have the authority to submit it and that all listed authors have approved the submission.

• The manuscript should represent the authors' own scholarly work.
• Sources and prior work must be acknowledged appropriately.
• Data and findings should not be knowingly fabricated or misrepresented.
• All authors should have made an appropriate contribution to the work.
• Relevant conflicts of interest should be disclosed.
• Authors should respond honestly to editorial questions or revision requests.

Originality and Plagiarism

Submitted work should be original and should not present the work, words or ideas of another person as the author's own. Material drawn from other sources must be cited or otherwise acknowledged in accordance with accepted scholarly practice.

Substantial duplication of previously published material may require explanation and may result in rejection or later editorial action.

Authorship and Contributor Responsibility

Authorship should reflect meaningful contribution to the research and preparation of the manuscript. Individuals who did not contribute sufficiently should not be listed merely because of position, seniority or association with the project.

Changes to authorship after submission may require written confirmation from the affected authors and may be refused where the journal considers the requested change insufficiently explained.

Conflicts of Interest

Authors, reviewers and editors should disclose relationships or interests that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research or its evaluation.

A conflict does not automatically prevent publication, but transparency allows the journal to manage the editorial process appropriately.

Research Integrity

Authors are expected to follow appropriate ethical and institutional standards for the type of research they conduct. Where research involves human participants, sensitive personal information, clinical material, animals or regulated data, authors are responsible for obtaining any approvals, consent or permissions required by their institution or applicable rules.

The journal may request clarification or supporting information where ethical compliance is relevant to the manuscript.

Peer Review Ethics

Reviewers should evaluate manuscripts impartially and should treat unpublished material as confidential. Information obtained during review should not be used for personal advantage.

A reviewer who believes that a conflict of interest prevents an objective assessment should inform the editorial office rather than continuing with the review.

Corrections, Retractions and the Published Record

The journal may correct, update or retract published material where a significant problem is identified after publication. The appropriate response depends on the nature and seriousness of the issue.

Minor errors that do not materially affect the conclusions may be corrected. More serious concerns involving unreliable findings, misconduct, major attribution problems or invalid publication may require stronger editorial action.

Wherever possible, changes affecting the scholarly record should remain transparent so that readers can understand what was changed and why.

Copyright and Open-Access Licensing

Authors retain copyright in their work unless a separate arrangement states otherwise. For works published under the journal's open-access model, authors grant the permissions needed for P247JMR to publish, archive, display and distribute the accepted work.

Where indicated on the individual publication, material may be made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC BY 4.0).

Complaints and Ethical Concerns

Questions concerning publication ethics, authorship, research integrity or the handling of a manuscript may be raised with the editorial office. Concerns should include enough information for the journal to understand and review the matter.

P247JMR may request additional documentation where necessary and will aim to handle legitimate concerns in a fair and documented manner.